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Have you ever flown into an exceptionally wide or narrow runway, or a runway that has a noticeable slope? Here are the illusions you should expect with oddly shaped runways, and how to stay on the correct glide path all the way to landing...

1) Narrow Runways

A narrower-than-usual runway can create an illusion that the aircraft is higher than it actually is, leading to a lower approach.

2) Wide Runways

A wider-than-usual runway can create an illusion that the aircraft is lower than it actually is, leading to a higher approach.

3) Downsloping Runway

A downsloping runway can create the illusion that the aircraft is lower than it actually is, leading to a higher approach.

4) Upsloping Runway

An upsloping runway can create the illusion that the aircraft is higher than it actually is, leading to a lower approach.

So... What can you do to avoid these illusions?

Review Runway Specifications During Your Approach Briefing

Use airport diagrams or your chart supplement (formerly the Airport/Facility Directory) to research runway slope and width information.

Use Glidepath References

Use Visual Approach Slope Indicator (VASI) or Precision Approach Path Indicator (PAPI) systems for a visual reference, or an electronic glideslope, whenever they are available.

Reference Your Altimeter

As you're in the pattern and on final approach, use your altimeter as a secondary reference to judge height above the ground (compare altimeter to field elevation).

Have you encountered these illusions? What's your strategy to overcome them? Tell us in the comments below.